Thousands gathered across southern Israel on Tuesday to mourn and remember those killed in the Hamas-led October 7 attack, as the country marked two years since the tragedy that triggered one of the most violent and destabilizing conflicts in the region's recent history.

On social media, Indian MP Shashi Tharoor reflected on the somber anniversary, posting on X, "It's been two years since the terrorist attack on Israel, and the brutal assault on Gaza that followed. A day to bow our heads in prayer and remembrance for all the lives lost, the destruction of homes and hope. And a fervent wish that the horror ends — very soon.”

The October 7 attack remains the deadliest in Israel’s history. In a coordinated assault, thousands of Hamas fighters stormed army outposts, farming communities, and a music festival after launching a surprise rocket barrage. The assault claimed the lives of around 1,200 people — mostly civilians, including women, children, and the elderly — and led to the abduction of 251 others into Gaza.

Two years on, 48 hostages are still believed to be held in Gaza. Of them, about 20 are thought to be alive. Hamas has stated it will only release the remaining captives in exchange for a permanent ceasefire and Israeli military withdrawal. Meanwhile, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has vowed to continue military operations until all hostages are freed and Hamas is dismantled.

Tuesday’s main memorial took place at the Nova music festival grounds near Reim — the site of one of the most horrific massacres that day, where nearly 400 people were killed and many abducted. Due to the Jewish holiday of Sukkot, no official state ceremony was held. Still, survivors, families, and friends gathered at dawn for a moment of silence as the same music playing when the attack began faded out at exactly 6:29 am.

Amid hugs and tears, many shared memories and reflected on their loss. “We are reliving this every day anew,” said 28-year-old Alon Muskinov, who lost three close friends in the attack.

In Gaza, meanwhile, Israel’s military offensive continues. The Hamas-run Health Ministry reports tens of thousands of deaths and widespread destruction. Roughly 90% of Gaza’s population has been displaced, with famine-like conditions emerging in parts of Gaza City.

The conflict’s impact has extended beyond Gaza, with Israel engaging in confrontations in Lebanon, Syria, and striking Iranian-linked militants, further reshaping the region’s already fragile stability.